Aggregate (noun) ڈھیر ، ذخیرہ، ٹکڑوں سے بنا
a whole formed by combining several separate elements.
Example: “the council was an aggregate of three regional assemblies”
Synonyms: collection, mass, cluster, clump, clump, pile, heap, bundle, quantity
Antonyms: dissipation, dispersion, separation, division
Bystander (noun) دیکھنے والا، قریب کھڑا، ناظر یا تماشائی
a person who is present at an occasion or incident but doesn’t participate.
Example: “water cannons were turned on marchers and innocent bystanders alike”
Synonyms: onlooker, passer-by, non-participant, observer, spectator, eyewitness, witness
Antonyms: participant
Seminal (adjective) بنیادی، بیج سے متعلق، نطفے
strongly influencing later developments.
Example: “his seminal work on chaos theory”
Synonyms: influential, formative, groundbreaking, pioneering, original, creative, innovative
Antonyms: irrelevant, unimportant
Thwart (verb) ناکام بنا دینا، آڑا
prevent (someone) from accomplishing something.
Example: “he never did anything to thwart his father”
Synonyms: foil, frustrate, balk, substitute the way of, forestall, scotch, derail, smash, dash
Antonyms: assist, facilitate
Culpable (adjective) نامناسب، قابل گرفت، قابل مواخذہ
deserving blame.
Example: “mercy killings are less culpable than ‘ordinary’ murders”
Synonyms: responsible, guilty, at fault, within the wrong, blameworthy, blameable, censurable, reproachable
Antonyms: blameless, innocent
Erupt (verb) پھٹ پڑنے کا عمل، خروج، پھٹ پڑنا
(of a volcano) become active and eject lava, ash, and gases.
Example: “Mount Pinatubo began erupting in June”
Synonyms: emit lava, belch lava, become active, flare-up, eject/vent material, explode
Antonyms: lie dormant
Shrill (adjective) باریک اور تیز آواز، بہت اونچی آواز
(of a voice or sound) high-pitched and piercing.
Example: “a shrill laugh”
Synonyms: high-pitched, piercing, high, sharp, ear-piercing, ear-splitting, air-rending, penetrating
Antonyms: low, soft, dulcet
Volatile (adjective) بدلتے مزاج والا، کافور صفت
(of a substance) easily evaporated at normal temperatures.
Example: “volatile solvents like petroleum ether, hexane, and benzene”
Synonyms: evaporative, vaporous, vapor scent, explosive, eruptive, inflammable, unstable
Antonyms: stable, calm
Chauvinist (noun) جنگجو، وطن پرست
a person displaying excessive or prejudiced support for his or her own cause, group, or sex.
Example: “we don’t want to get ourselves hospitable charges that we’re chauvinists”
Synonyms: sexist, sexist, misogynist, woman-hater, anti-feminist, male supremacist
Antonyms: fair, happy, impartial, nice, patient
Reprisal (noun) انتقامی کارروائی، پاداش میں
an act of retaliation.
Example: “three youths died within the reprisals which followed”
Synonyms: retaliation, counterattack, counterstroke, comeback, revenge, vengeance, retribution, requital
Antonyms: condonation, grace, remission, reprieve